Bill Gates recently dismissed the idea of tree planting as a comprehensive solution to addressing climate change, stating that it’s “complete nonsense” to believe that trees alone can solve the climate crisis. This perspective contrasts with the view of Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff and many others who advocate for planting and conserving a trillion trees to capture emissions and achieve net-zero goals.
The potential of trees in mitigating climate change is grounded in science. Trees absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) as they grow, making them a natural carbon sink. Planting trees is also more cost-effective than developing carbon removal technologies like direct air capture machines.
However, some argue that planting a trillion new trees may only prevent a 0.15°C temperature increase by 2100, according to Climate Interactive. Moreover, it could capture only a small fraction of the emissions that need to be offset by mid-century. The timeline for significant carbon removal by trees is a point of contention, with some suggesting that meaningful carbon sequestration can occur within years in tropical regions.
Sean DeWitt, Director of the Global Restoration Initiative at the World Resources Institute, defends tree planting, emphasizing that even sequestering 6% of CO2 by 2050 would be significant, equivalent to capturing 37 gigatons of CO2. He acknowledges that tree planting isn’t a silver bullet but asserts its importance.
Critics, like Andrew Jones of Climate Interactive, argue that tree planting could divert attention from the crucial need to reduce fossil fuel use. Jones likens it to a smoker being advised to improve their diet and exercise rather than quitting cigarettes. Given the urgency of the climate crisis, he suggests focusing on solutions with maximum impact.
Nonetheless, tree planting offers numerous benefits beyond carbon sequestration, such as mitigating urban heat, improving air quality, managing stormwater, enhancing mental health, and providing habitat for diverse species. It plays a role in climate adaptation, particularly in cities and on farms.
While reducing emissions remains paramount, supporting tree planting can be essential. The challenge is striking a balance between recognizing its climate potential and not overstating its benefits, as exaggerated claims could impact funding for restoration projects. DeWitt emphasizes that growing more trees alone won’t solve the climate crisis, but restoration and conservation of existing forests are crucial for combating climate change and preserving a livable planet.